GeoNames Feature Codes A country, state, region,... ADM1 first-order administrative division a primary administrative division of a country, such as a state in the United States ADM2 second-order administrative division a subdivision of a first-order administrative division ADM3 third-order administrative division a subdivision of a second-order administrative division ADM4 fourth-order administrative division a subdivision of a third-order administrative division ADMD administrative division an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level LTER leased area a tract of land leased to another country, usually for military installations PCL political entity PCLD dependent political entity PCLF freely associated state PCLI independent political entity PCLIX section of independent political entity PCLS semi-independent political entity PRSH parish an ecclesiastical district TERR territory ZN zone ZNB buffer zone a zone recognized as a buffer between two nations in which military presence is minimal or absent H stream, lake, ... AIRS seaplane landing area a place on a waterbody where floatplanes land and take off ANCH anchorage an area where vessels may anchor BAY bay a coastal indentation between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf BAYS bays coastal indentations between two capes or headlands, larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf BGHT bight(s) an open body of water forming a slight recession in a coastline BNK bank(s) an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for most surface navigation BNKR stream bank a sloping margin of a stream channel which normally confines the stream to its channel on land BNKX section of bank BOG bog(s) a wetland characterized by peat forming sphagnum moss, sedge, and other acid-water plants CAPG icecap a dome-shaped mass of glacial ice covering an area of mountain summits or other high lands; smaller than an ice sheet CHN channel the deepest part of a stream, bay, lagoon, or strait, through which the main current flows CHNL lake channel(s) that part of a lake having water deep enough for navigation between islands, shoals, etc. CHNM marine channel that part of a body of water deep enough for navigation through an area otherwise not suitable CHNN navigation channel a buoyed channel of sufficient depth for the safe navigation of vessels CNFL confluence a place where two or more streams or intermittent streams flow together CNL canal an artificial watercourse CNLA aqueduct a conduit used to carry water CNLB canal bend a conspicuously curved or bent section of a canal CNLD drainage canal an artificial waterway carrying water away from a wetland or from drainage ditches CNLI irrigation canal a canal which serves as a main conduit for irrigation water CNLN navigation canal(s) a watercourse constructed for navigation of vessels CNLQ abandoned canal CNLSB underground irrigation canal(s) a gently inclined underground tunnel bringing water for irrigation from aquifers CNLX section of canal COVE cove(s) a small coastal indentation, smaller than a bay CRKT tidal creek(s) a meandering channel in a coastal wetland subject to bi-directional tidal currents CRNT current a horizontal flow of water in a given direction with uniform velocity CUTF cutoff a channel formed as a result of a stream cutting through a meander neck DCK dock(s) a waterway between two piers, or cut into the land for the berthing of ships DCKB docking basin a part of a harbor where ships dock DOMG icecap dome a comparatively elevated area on an icecap DPRG icecap depression a comparatively depressed area on an icecap DTCH ditch a small artificial watercourse dug for draining or irrigating the land DTCHD drainage ditch a ditch which serves to drain the land DTCHI irrigation ditch a ditch which serves to distribute irrigation water DTCHM ditch mouth(s) an area where a drainage ditch enters a lagoon, lake or bay ESTY estuary a funnel-shaped stream mouth or embayment where fresh water mixes with sea water under tidal influences FISH fishing area a fishing ground, bank or area where fishermen go to catch fish FJD fjord a long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arm of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts FJDS fjords long, narrow, steep-walled, deep-water arms of the sea at high latitudes, usually along mountainous coasts FLLS waterfall(s) a perpendicular or very steep descent of the water of a stream FLLSX section of waterfall(s) FLTM mud flat(s) a relatively level area of mud either between high and low tide lines, or subject to flooding FLTT tidal flat(s) a large flat area of mud or sand attached to the shore and alternately covered and uncovered by the tide GLCR glacier(s) a mass of ice, usually at high latitudes or high elevations, with sufficient thickness to flow away from the source area in lobes, tongues, or masses GULF gulf a large recess in the coastline, larger than a bay GYSR geyser a type of hot spring with intermittent eruptions of jets of hot water and steam HBR harbor(s) a haven or space of deep water so sheltered by the adjacent land as to afford a safe anchorage for ships HBRX section of harbor INLT inlet a narrow waterway extending into the land, or connecting a bay or lagoon with a larger body of water INLTQ former inlet an inlet which has been filled in, or blocked by deposits LBED lake bed(s) a dried up or drained area of a former lake LGN lagoon a shallow coastal waterbody, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature LGNS lagoons shallow coastal waterbodies, completely or partly separated from a larger body of water by a barrier island, coral reef or other depositional feature LGNX section of lagoon LK lake a large inland body of standing water LKC crater lake a lake in a crater or caldera LKI intermittent lake LKN salt lake an inland body of salt water with no outlet LKNI intermittent salt lake LKO oxbow lake a crescent-shaped lake commonly found adjacent to meandering streams LKOI intermittent oxbow lake LKS lakes large inland bodies of standing water LKSB underground lake a standing body of water in a cave LKSC crater lakes lakes in a crater or caldera LKSI intermittent lakes LKSN salt lakes inland bodies of salt water with no outlet LKSNI intermittent salt lakes LKX section of lake MFGN salt evaporation ponds diked salt ponds used in the production of solar evaporated salt MGV mangrove swamp a tropical tidal mud flat characterized by mangrove vegetation MOOR moor(s) an area of open ground overlaid with wet peaty soils MRSH marsh(es) a wetland dominated by grass-like vegetation MRSHN salt marsh a flat area, subject to periodic salt water inundation, dominated by grassy salt-tolerant plants NRWS narrows a navigable narrow part of a bay, strait, river, etc. OCN ocean one of the major divisions of the vast expanse of salt water covering part of the earth OVF overfalls an area of breaking waves caused by the meeting of currents or by waves moving against the current PND pond a small standing waterbody PNDI intermittent pond PNDN salt pond a small standing body of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast PNDNI intermittent salt pond(s) PNDS ponds small standing waterbodies PNDSF fishponds ponds or enclosures in which fish are kept or raised PNDSI intermittent ponds PNDSN salt ponds small standing bodies of salt water often in a marsh or swamp, usually along a seacoast POOL pool(s) a small and comparatively still, deep part of a larger body of water such as a stream or harbor; or a small body of standing water POOLI intermittent pool RCH reach a straight section of a navigable stream or channel between two bends RDGG icecap ridge a linear elevation on an icecap RDST roadstead an open anchorage affording less protection than a harbor RF reef(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material RFC coral reef(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of coral RFX section of reef RPDS rapids a turbulent section of a stream associated with a steep, irregular stream bed RSV reservoir(s) an artificial pond or lake RSVI intermittent reservoir RSVT water tank a contained pool or tank of water at, below, or above ground level RVN ravine(s) a small, narrow, deep, steep-sided stream channel, smaller than a gorge SBKH sabkha(s) a salt flat or salt encrusted plain subject to periodic inundation from flooding or high tides SD sound a long arm of the sea forming a channel between the mainland and an island or islands; or connecting two larger bodies of water SEA sea a large body of salt water more or less confined by continuous land or chains of islands forming a subdivision of an ocean SHOL shoal(s) a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material SILL sill the low part of an underwater gap or saddle separating basins, including a similar feature at the mouth of a fjord SPNG spring(s) a place where ground water flows naturally out of the ground SPNS sulphur spring(s) a place where sulphur ground water flows naturally out of the ground SPNT hot spring(s) a place where hot ground water flows naturally out of the ground STM stream a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land STMA anabranch a diverging branch flowing out of a main stream and rejoining it downstream STMB stream bend a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a stream STMC canalized stream a stream that has been substantially ditched, diked, or straightened STMD distributary(-ies) a branch which flows away from the main stream, as in a delta or irrigation canal STMH headwaters the source and upper part of a stream, including the upper drainage basin STMI intermittent stream STMIX section of intermittent stream STMM stream mouth(s) a place where a stream discharges into a lagoon, lake, or the sea STMQ abandoned watercourse a former stream or distributary no longer carrying flowing water, but still evident due to lakes, wetland, topographic or vegetation patterns STMS streams bodies of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land STMSB lost river a surface stream that disappears into an underground channel, or dries up in an arid area STMX section of stream STRT strait a relatively narrow waterway, usually narrower and less extensive than a sound, connecting two larger bodies of water SWMP swamp a wetland dominated by tree vegetation SYSI irrigation system a network of ditches and one or more of the following elements: water supply, reservoir, canal, pump, well, drain, etc. TNLC canal tunnel a tunnel through which a canal passes WAD wadi a valley or ravine, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season becomes a watercourse; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East WADB wadi bend a conspicuously curved or bent segment of a wadi WADJ wadi junction a place where two or more wadies join WADM wadi mouth the lower terminus of a wadi where it widens into an adjoining floodplain, depression, or waterbody WADS wadies valleys or ravines, bounded by relatively steep banks, which in the rainy season become watercourses; found primarily in North Africa and the Middle East WADX section of wadi WHRL whirlpool a turbulent, rotating movement of water in a stream WLL well a cylindrical hole, pit, or tunnel drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface WLLQ abandoned well WLLS wells cylindrical holes, pits, or tunnels drilled or dug down to a depth from which water, oil, or gas can be pumped or brought to the surface WTLD wetland an area subject to inundation, usually characterized by bog, marsh, or swamp vegetation WTLDI intermittent wetland WTRC watercourse a natural, well-defined channel produced by flowing water, or an artificial channel designed to carry flowing water WTRH waterhole(s) a natural hole, hollow, or small depression that contains water, used by man and animals, especially in arid areas L parks,area, ... AGRC agricultural colony a tract of land set aside for agricultural settlement AMUS amusement park Amusement Park are theme parks, adventure parks offering entertainment, similar to funfairs but with a fix location AREA area a tract of land without homogeneous character or boundaries BSND drainage basin an area drained by a stream BSNP petroleum basin an area underlain by an oil-rich structural basin BTL battlefield a site of a land battle of historical importance CLG clearing an area in a forest with trees removed CMN common a park or pasture for community use CNS concession area a lease of land by a government for economic development, e.g., mining, forestry COLF coalfield a region in which coal deposits of possible economic value occur CONT continent continent : Europe, Africa, Asia, North America, South America, Oceania,Antarctica CST coast a zone of variable width straddling the shoreline CTRB business center a place where a number of businesses are located DEVH housing development a tract of land on which many houses of similar design are built according to a development plan FLD field(s) an open as opposed to wooded area FLDI irrigated field(s) a tract of level or terraced land which is irrigated GASF gasfield an area containing a subterranean store of natural gas of economic value GRAZ grazing area an area of grasses and shrubs used for grazing GVL gravel area an area covered with gravel INDS industrial area an area characterized by industrial activity LAND arctic land a tract of land in the Arctic LCTY locality a minor area or place of unspecified or mixed character and indefinite boundaries MILB military base a place used by an army or other armed service for storing arms and supplies, and for accommodating and training troops, a base from which operations can be initiated MNA mining area an area of mine sites where minerals and ores are extracted MVA maneuver area a tract of land where military field exercises are carried out NVB naval base an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for troops and naval personnel, a port for naval vessels, and from which operations are initiated OAS oasis(-es) an area in a desert made productive by the availability of water OILF oilfield an area containing a subterranean store of petroleum of economic value PEAT peat cutting area an area where peat is harvested PRK park an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation PRT port a place provided with terminal and transfer facilities for loading and discharging waterborne cargo or passengers, usually located in a harbor QCKS quicksand an area where loose sand with water moving through it may become unstable when heavy objects are placed at the surface, causing them to sink RES reserve a tract of public land reserved for future use or restricted as to use RESA agricultural reserve a tract of land reserved for agricultural reclamation and/or development RESF forest reserve a forested area set aside for preservation or controlled use RESH hunting reserve a tract of land used primarily for hunting RESN nature reserve an area reserved for the maintenance of a natural habitat RESP palm tree reserve an area of palm trees where use is controlled RESV reservation a tract of land set aside for aboriginal, tribal, or native populations RESW wildlife reserve a tract of public land reserved for the preservation of wildlife RGN region an area distinguished by one or more observable physical or cultural characteristics RGNE economic region a region of a country established for economic development or for statistical purposes RGNL lake region a tract of land distinguished by numerous lakes RNGA artillery range a tract of land used for artillery firing practice SALT salt area a shallow basin or flat where salt accumulates after periodic inundation SNOW snowfield an area of permanent snow and ice forming the accumulation area of a glacier TRB tribal area a tract of land used by nomadic or other tribes P city, village,... PPL populated place a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work PPLA seat of a first-order administrative division seat of a first-order administrative division (PPLC takes precedence over PPLA) PPLA2 seat of a second-order administrative division PPLA3 seat of a third-order administrative division PPLA4 seat of a fourth-order administrative division PPLC capital of a political entity PPLF farm village a populated place where the population is largely engaged in agricultural activities PPLG seat of government of a political entity PPLL populated locality an area similar to a locality but with a small group of dwellings or other buildings PPLQ abandoned populated place PPLR religious populated place a populated place whose population is largely engaged in religious occupations PPLS populated places cities, towns, villages, or other agglomerations of buildings where people live and work PPLW destroyed populated place a village, town or city destroyed by a natural disaster, or by war PPLX section of populated place STLMT israeli settlement R road, railroad CSWY causeway a raised roadway across wet ground or shallow water OILP oil pipeline a pipeline used for transporting oil PRMN promenade a place for public walking, usually along a beach front PTGE portage a place where boats, goods, etc., are carried overland between navigable waters RD road an open way with improved surface for transportation of animals, people and vehicles RDA ancient road the remains of a road used by ancient cultures RDB road bend a conspicuously curved or bent section of a road RDCUT road cut an excavation cut through a hill or ridge for a road RDJCT road junction a place where two or more roads join RJCT railroad junction a place where two or more railroad tracks join RR railroad a permanent twin steel-rail track on which freight and passenger cars move long distances RRQ abandoned railroad RTE caravan route the route taken by caravans RYD railroad yard a system of tracks used for the making up of trains, and switching and storing freight cars ST street a paved urban thoroughfare STKR stock route a route taken by livestock herds TNL tunnel a subterranean passageway for transportation TNLN natural tunnel a cave that is open at both ends TNLRD road tunnel a tunnel through which a road passes TNLRR railroad tunnel a tunnel through which a railroad passes TNLS tunnels subterranean passageways for transportation TRL trail a path, track, or route used by pedestrians, animals, or off-road vehicles S spot, building, farm ADMF administrative facility a government building AGRF agricultural facility a building and/or tract of land used for improving agriculture AIRB airbase an area used to store supplies, provide barracks for air force personnel, hangars and runways for aircraft, and from which operations are initiated AIRF airfield a place on land where aircraft land and take off; no facilities provided for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo AIRH heliport a place where helicopters land and take off AIRP airport a place where aircraft regularly land and take off, with runways, navigational aids, and major facilities for the commercial handling of passengers and cargo AIRQ abandoned airfield AMTH amphitheater an oval or circular structure with rising tiers of seats about a stage or open space ANS ancient site a place where archeological remains, old structures, or cultural artifacts are located AQC aquaculture facility facility or area for the cultivation of aquatic animals and plants, especially fish, shellfish, and seaweed, in natural or controlled marine or freshwater environments; underwater agriculture ARCH arch a natural or man-made structure in the form of an arch ASTR astronomical station a point on the earth whose position has been determined by observations of celestial bodies ASYL asylum a facility where the insane are cared for and protected ATHF athletic field a tract of land used for playing team sports, and athletic track and field events ATM automatic teller machine An unattended electronic machine in a public place, connected to a data system and related equipment and activated by a bank customer to obtain cash withdrawals and other banking services. BANK bank A business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged. BCN beacon a fixed artificial navigation mark BDG bridge a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across BDGQ ruined bridge a destroyed or decayed bridge which is no longer functional BLDG building(s) a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc. BLDO office building commercial building where business and/or services are conducted BP boundary marker a fixture marking a point along a boundary BRKS barracks a building for lodging military personnel BRKW breakwater a structure erected to break the force of waves at the entrance to a harbor or port BSTN baling station a facility for baling agricultural products BTYD boatyard a waterside facility for servicing, repairing, and building small vessels BUR burial cave(s) a cave used for human burials BUSTN bus station a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading passengers BUSTP bus stop a place lacking station facilities CARN cairn a heap of stones erected as a landmark or for other purposes CAVE cave(s) an underground passageway or chamber, or cavity on the side of a cliff CH church a building for public Christian worship CMP camp(s) a site occupied by tents, huts, or other shelters for temporary use CMPL logging camp a camp used by loggers CMPLA labor camp a camp used by migrant or temporary laborers CMPMN mining camp a camp used by miners CMPO oil camp a camp used by oilfield workers CMPQ abandoned camp CMPRF refugee camp a camp used by refugees CMTY cemetery a burial place or ground COMC communication center a facility, including buildings, antennae, towers and electronic equipment for receiving and transmitting information CRRL corral(s) a pen or enclosure for confining or capturing animals CSNO casino a building used for entertainment, especially gambling CSTL castle a large fortified building or set of buildings CSTM customs house a building in a port where customs and duties are paid, and where vessels are entered and cleared CTHSE courthouse a building in which courts of law are held CTRA atomic center a facility where atomic research is carried out CTRCM community center a facility for community recreation and other activities CTRF facility center a place where more than one facility is situated CTRM medical center a complex of health care buildings including two or more of the following: hospital, medical school, clinic, pharmacy, doctor's offices, etc. CTRR religious center a facility where more than one religious activity is carried out, e.g., retreat, school, monastery, worship CTRS space center a facility for launching, tracking, or controlling satellites and space vehicles CVNT convent a building where a community of nuns lives in seclusion DAM dam a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water DAMQ ruined dam a destroyed or decayed dam which is no longer functional DAMSB sub-surface dam a dam put down to bedrock in a sand river DARY dairy a facility for the processing, sale and distribution of milk or milk products DCKD dry dock a dock providing support for a vessel, and means for removing the water so that the bottom of the vessel can be exposed DCKY dockyard a facility for servicing, building, or repairing ships DIKE dike an earth or stone embankment usually constructed for flood or stream control DIP diplomatic facility office, residence, or facility of a foreign government, which may include an embassy, consulate, chancery, office of charge d?affaires, or other diplomatic, economic, military, or cultural mission DPOF fuel depot an area where fuel is stored EST estate(s) a large commercialized agricultural landholding with associated buildings and other facilities ESTO oil palm plantation an estate specializing in the cultivation of oil palm trees ESTR rubber plantation an estate which specializes in growing and tapping rubber trees ESTSG sugar plantation an estate that specializes in growing sugar cane ESTT tea plantation an estate which specializes in growing tea bushes ESTX section of estate FCL facility a building or buildings housing a center, institute, foundation, hospital, prison, mission, courthouse, etc. FNDY foundry a building or works where metal casting is carried out FRM farm a tract of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture FRMQ abandoned farm FRMS farms tracts of land with associated buildings devoted to agriculture FRMT farmstead the buildings and adjacent service areas of a farm FT fort a defensive structure or earthworks FY ferry a boat or other floating conveyance and terminal facilities regularly used to transport people and vehicles across a waterbody GATE gate a controlled access entrance or exit GDN garden(s) an enclosure for displaying selected plant or animal life GHAT ghat a set of steps leading to a river, which are of religious significance, and at their base is usually a platform for bathing GHSE guest house a house used to provide lodging for paying guests GOSP gas-oil separator plant a facility for separating gas from oil GOVL local government office a facility housing local governmental offices, usually a city, town, or village hall GRVE grave a burial site HERM hermitage a secluded residence, usually for religious sects HLT halting place a place where caravans stop for rest HSE house(s) a building used as a human habitation HSEC country house a large house, mansion, or chateau, on a large estate HSP hospital a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated HSPC clinic a medical facility associated with a hospital for outpatients HSPD dispensary a building where medical or dental aid is dispensed HSPL leprosarium an asylum or hospital for lepers HSTS historical site a place of historical importance HTL hotel a building providing lodging and/or meals for the public HUT hut a small primitive house HUTS huts small primitive houses INSM military installation a facility for use of and control by armed forces ITTR research institute a facility where research is carried out JTY jetty a structure built out into the water at a river mouth or harbor entrance to regulate currents and silting LDNG landing a place where boats receive or discharge passengers and freight, but lacking most port facilities LEPC leper colony a settled area inhabited by lepers in relative isolation LIBR library A place in which information resources such as books are kept for reading, reference, or lending. LNDF landfill a place for trash and garbage disposal in which the waste is buried between layers of earth to build up low-lying land LOCK lock(s) a basin in a waterway with gates at each end by means of which vessels are passed from one water level to another LTHSE lighthouse a distinctive structure exhibiting a major navigation light MALL mall A large, often enclosed shopping complex containing various stores, businesses, and restaurants usually accessible by common passageways. MAR marina a harbor facility for small boats, yachts, etc. MFG factory one or more buildings where goods are manufactured, processed or fabricated MFGB brewery one or more buildings where beer is brewed MFGC cannery a building where food items are canned MFGCU copper works a facility for processing copper ore MFGLM limekiln a furnace in which limestone is reduced to lime MFGM munitions plant a factory where ammunition is made MFGPH phosphate works a facility for producing fertilizer MFGQ abandoned factory MFGSG sugar refinery a facility for converting raw sugar into refined sugar MKT market a place where goods are bought and sold at regular intervals ML mill(s) a building housing machines for transforming, shaping, finishing, grinding, or extracting products MLM ore treatment plant a facility for improving the metal content of ore by concentration MLO olive oil mill a mill where oil is extracted from olives MLSG sugar mill a facility where sugar cane is processed into raw sugar MLSGQ former sugar mill a sugar mill no longer used as a sugar mill MLSW sawmill a mill where logs or lumber are sawn to specified shapes and sizes MLWND windmill a mill or water pump powered by wind MLWTR water mill a mill powered by running water MN mine(s) a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages MNAU gold mine(s) a mine where gold ore, or alluvial gold is extracted MNC coal mine(s) a mine where coal is extracted MNCR chrome mine(s) a mine where chrome ore is extracted MNCU copper mine(s) a mine where copper ore is extracted MNFE iron mine(s) a mine where iron ore is extracted MNMT monument a commemorative structure or statue MNN salt mine(s) a mine from which salt is extracted MNQ abandoned mine MNQR quarry(-ies) a surface mine where building stone or gravel and sand, etc. are extracted MOLE mole a massive structure of masonry or large stones serving as a pier or breakwater MSQE mosque a building for public Islamic worship MSSN mission a place characterized by dwellings, school, church, hospital and other facilities operated by a religious group for the purpose of providing charitable services and to propagate religion MSSNQ abandoned mission MSTY monastery a building and grounds where a community of monks lives in seclusion MTRO metro station metro station (Underground, Tube, or M?tro) MUS museum a building where objects of permanent interest in one or more of the arts and sciences are preserved and exhibited NOV novitiate a religious house or school where novices are trained NSY nursery(-ies) a place where plants are propagated for transplanting or grafting OBPT observation point a wildlife or scenic observation point OBS observatory a facility equipped for observation of atmospheric or space phenomena OBSR radio observatory a facility equipped with an array of antennae for receiving radio waves from space OILJ oil pipeline junction a section of an oil pipeline where two or more pipes join together OILQ abandoned oil well OILR oil refinery a facility for converting crude oil into refined petroleum products OILT tank farm a tract of land occupied by large, cylindrical, metal tanks in which oil or liquid petrochemicals are stored OILW oil well a well from which oil may be pumped OPRA opera house A theater designed chiefly for the performance of operas. PAL palace a large stately house, often a royal or presidential residence PGDA pagoda a tower-like storied structure, usually a Buddhist shrine PIER pier a structure built out into navigable water on piles providing berthing for ships and recreation PKLT parking lot an area used for parking vehicles PMPO oil pumping station a facility for pumping oil through a pipeline PMPW water pumping station a facility for pumping water from a major well or through a pipeline PO post office a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed PP police post a building in which police are stationed PPQ abandoned police post PRKGT park gate a controlled access to a park PRKHQ park headquarters a park administrative facility PRN prison a facility for confining prisoners PRNJ reformatory a facility for confining, training, and reforming young law offenders PRNQ abandoned prison PS power station a facility for generating electric power PSH hydroelectric power station a building where electricity is generated from water power PSTB border post a post or station at an international boundary for the regulation of movement of people and goods PSTC customs post a building at an international boundary where customs and duties are paid on goods PSTP patrol post a post from which patrols are sent out PYR pyramid an ancient massive structure of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs PYRS pyramids ancient massive structures of square ground plan with four triangular faces meeting at a point and used for enclosing tombs QUAY quay a structure of solid construction along a shore or bank which provides berthing for ships and which generally provides cargo handling facilities RDCR traffic circle a road junction formed around a central circle about which traffic moves in one direction only RECG golf course a recreation field where golf is played RECR racetrack a track where races are held REST restaurant A place where meals are served to the public RET store a building where goods and/or services are offered for sale RHSE resthouse a structure maintained for the rest and shelter of travelers RKRY rookery a breeding place of a colony of birds or seals RLG religious site an ancient site of significant religious importance RLGR retreat a place of temporary seclusion, especially for religious groups RNCH ranch(es) a large farm specializing in extensive grazing of livestock RSD railroad siding a short track parallel to and joining the main track RSGNL railroad signal a signal at the entrance of a particular section of track governing the movement of trains RSRT resort a specialized facility for vacation, health, or participation sports activities RSTN railroad station a facility comprising ticket office, platforms, etc. for loading and unloading train passengers and freight RSTNQ abandoned railroad station RSTP railroad stop a place lacking station facilities where trains stop to pick up and unload passengers and freight RSTPQ abandoned railroad stop RUIN ruin(s) a destroyed or decayed structure which is no longer functional SCH school building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place SCHA agricultural school a school with a curriculum focused on agriculture SCHC college the grounds and buildings of an institution of higher learning SCHL language school Language Schools & Institutions SCHM military school a school at which military science forms the core of the curriculum SCHN maritime school a school at which maritime sciences form the core of the curriculum SCHT technical school post-secondary school with a specifically technical or vocational curriculum SECP State Exam Prep Centre state exam preparation centres SHPF sheepfold a fence or wall enclosure for sheep and other small herd animals SHRN shrine a structure or place memorializing a person or religious concept SHSE storehouse a building for storing goods, especially provisions SLCE sluice a conduit or passage for carrying off surplus water from a waterbody, usually regulated by means of a sluice gate SNTR sanatorium a facility where victims of physical or mental disorders are treated SPA spa a resort area usually developed around a medicinal spring SPLY spillway a passage or outlet through which surplus water flows over, around or through a dam SQR square a broad, open, public area near the center of a town or city STBL stable a building for the shelter and feeding of farm animals, especially horses STDM stadium a structure with an enclosure for athletic games with tiers of seats for spectators STNB scientific research base a scientific facility used as a base from which research is carried out or monitored STNC coast guard station a facility from which the coast is guarded by armed vessels STNE experiment station a facility for carrying out experiments STNF forest station a collection of buildings and facilities for carrying out forest management STNI inspection station a station at which vehicles, goods, and people are inspected STNM meteorological station a station at which weather elements are recorded STNR radio station a facility for producing and transmitting information by radio waves STNS satellite station a facility for tracking and communicating with orbiting satellites STNW whaling station a facility for butchering whales and processing train oil STPS steps stones or slabs placed for ease in ascending or descending a steep slope SWT sewage treatment plant facility for the processing of sewage and/or wastewater THTR theater A building, room, or outdoor structure for the presentation of plays, films, or other dramatic performances TMB tomb(s) a structure for interring bodies TMPL temple(s) an edifice dedicated to religious worship TNKD cattle dipping tank a small artificial pond used for immersing cattle in chemically treated water for disease control TOWR tower a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter TRANT transit terminal facilities for the handling of vehicular freight and passengers TRIG triangulation station a point on the earth whose position has been determined by triangulation TRMO oil pipeline terminal a tank farm or loading facility at the end of an oil pipeline TWO temp work office Temporary Work Offices UNIP university prep school University Preparation Schools & Institutions UNIV university An institution for higher learning with teaching and research facilities constituting a graduate school and professional schools that award master's degrees and doctorates and an undergraduate division that awards bachelor's degrees. USGE united states government establishment a facility operated by the United States Government in Panama VETF veterinary facility a building or camp at which veterinary services are available WALL wall a thick masonry structure, usually enclosing a field or building, or forming the side of a structure WALLA ancient wall the remains of a linear defensive stone structure WEIR weir(s) a small dam in a stream, designed to raise the water level or to divert stream flow through a desired channel WHRF wharf(-ves) a structure of open rather than solid construction along a shore or a bank which provides berthing for ships and cargo-handling facilities WRCK wreck the site of the remains of a wrecked vessel WTRW waterworks a facility for supplying potable water through a water source and a system of pumps and filtration beds ZNF free trade zone an area, usually a section of a port, where goods may be received and shipped free of customs duty and of most customs regulations ZOO zoo a zoological garden or park where wild animals are kept for exhibition T mountain,hill,rock,... ASPH asphalt lake a small basin containing naturally occurring asphalt ATOL atoll(s) a ring-shaped coral reef which has closely spaced islands on it encircling a lagoon BAR bar a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts BCH beach a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves BCHS beaches a shore zone of coarse unconsolidated sediment that extends from the low-water line to the highest reach of storm waves BDLD badlands an area characterized by a maze of very closely spaced, deep, narrow, steep-sided ravines, and sharp crests and pinnacles BLDR boulder field a high altitude or high latitude bare, flat area covered with large angular rocks BLHL blowhole(s) a hole in coastal rock through which sea water is forced by a rising tide or waves and spurted through an outlet into the air BLOW blowout(s) a small depression in sandy terrain, caused by wind erosion BNCH bench a long, narrow bedrock platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody BUTE butte(s) a small, isolated, usually flat-topped hill with steep sides CAPE cape a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction CFT cleft(s) a deep narrow slot, notch, or groove in a coastal cliff CLDA caldera a depression measuring kilometers across formed by the collapse of a volcanic mountain CLF cliff(s) a high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area CNYN canyon a deep, narrow valley with steep sides cutting into a plateau or mountainous area CONE cone(s) a conical landform composed of mud or volcanic material CRDR corridor a strip or area of land having significance as an access way CRQ cirque a bowl-like hollow partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley CRQS cirques bowl-like hollows partially surrounded by cliffs or steep slopes at the head of a glaciated valley CRTR crater(s) a generally circular saucer or bowl-shaped depression caused by volcanic or meteorite explosive action CUET cuesta(s) an asymmetric ridge formed on tilted strata DLTA delta a flat plain formed by alluvial deposits at the mouth of a stream DPR depression(s) a low area surrounded by higher land and usually characterized by interior drainage DSRT desert a large area with little or no vegetation due to extreme environmental conditions DUNE dune(s) a wave form, ridge or star shape feature composed of sand DVD divide a line separating adjacent drainage basins ERG sandy desert an extensive tract of shifting sand and sand dunes FAN fan(s) a fan-shaped wedge of coarse alluvium with apex merging with a mountain stream bed and the fan spreading out at a low angle slope onto an adjacent plain FORD ford a shallow part of a stream which can be crossed on foot or by land vehicle FSR fissure a crack associated with volcanism GAP gap a low place in a ridge, not used for transportation GRGE gorge(s) a short, narrow, steep-sided section of a stream valley HDLD headland a high projection of land extending into a large body of water beyond the line of the coast HLL hill a rounded elevation of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m HLLS hills rounded elevations of limited extent rising above the surrounding land with local relief of less than 300m HMCK hammock(s) a patch of ground, distinct from and slightly above the surrounding plain or wetland. Often occurs in groups HMDA rock desert a relatively sand-free, high bedrock plateau in a hot desert, with or without a gravel veneer INTF interfluve a relatively undissected upland between adjacent stream valleys ISL island a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water ISLET islet small island, bigger than rock, smaller than island. ISLF artificial island an island created by landfill or diking and filling in a wetland, bay, or lagoon ISLM mangrove island a mangrove swamp surrounded by a waterbody ISLS islands tracts of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water ISLT land-tied island a coastal island connected to the mainland by barrier beaches, levees or dikes ISLX section of island ISTH isthmus a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land masses and bordered by water KRST karst area a distinctive landscape developed on soluble rock such as limestone characterized by sinkholes, caves, disappearing streams, and underground drainage LAVA lava area an area of solidified lava LEV levee a natural low embankment bordering a distributary or meandering stream; often built up artificially to control floods MESA mesa(s) a flat-topped, isolated elevation with steep slopes on all sides, less extensive than a plateau MND mound(s) a low, isolated, rounded hill MRN moraine a mound, ridge, or other accumulation of glacial till MT mountain an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more MTS mountains a mountain range or a group of mountains or high ridges NKM meander neck a narrow strip of land between the two limbs of a meander loop at its narrowest point NTK nunatak a rock or mountain peak protruding through glacial ice NTKS nunataks rocks or mountain peaks protruding through glacial ice PAN pan a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool PANS pans a near-level shallow, natural depression or basin, usually containing an intermittent lake, pond, or pool PASS pass a break in a mountain range or other high obstruction, used for transportation from one side to the other [See also gap] PEN peninsula an elongate area of land projecting into a body of water and nearly surrounded by water PENX section of peninsula PK peak a pointed elevation atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic feature PKS peaks pointed elevations atop a mountain, ridge, or other hypsographic features PLAT plateau an elevated plain with steep slopes on one or more sides, and often with incised streams PLATX section of plateau PLDR polder an area reclaimed from the sea by diking and draining PLN plain(s) an extensive area of comparatively level to gently undulating land, lacking surface irregularities, and usually adjacent to a higher area PLNX section of plain PROM promontory(-ies) a bluff or prominent hill overlooking or projecting into a lowland PT point a tapering piece of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape PTS points tapering pieces of land projecting into a body of water, less prominent than a cape RDGB beach ridge a ridge of sand just inland and parallel to the beach, usually in series RDGE ridge(s) a long narrow elevation with steep sides, and a more or less continuous crest REG stony desert a desert plain characterized by a surface veneer of gravel and stones RK rock a conspicuous, isolated rocky mass RKFL rockfall an irregular mass of fallen rock at the base of a cliff or steep slope RKS rocks conspicuous, isolated rocky masses SAND sand area a tract of land covered with sand SBED dry stream bed a channel formerly containing the water of a stream SCRP escarpment a long line of cliffs or steep slopes separating level surfaces above and below SDL saddle a broad, open pass crossing a ridge or between hills or mountains SHOR shore a narrow zone bordering a waterbody which covers and uncovers at high and low water, respectively SINK sinkhole a small crater-shape depression in a karst area SLID slide a mound of earth material, at the base of a slope and the associated scoured area SLP slope(s) a surface with a relatively uniform slope angle SPIT spit a narrow, straight or curved continuation of a beach into a waterbody SPUR spur(s) a subordinate ridge projecting outward from a hill, mountain or other elevation TAL talus slope a steep concave slope formed by an accumulation of loose rock fragments at the base of a cliff or steep slope TRGD interdune trough(s) a long wind-swept trough between parallel longitudinal dunes TRR terrace a long, narrow alluvial platform bounded by steeper slopes above and below, usually overlooking a waterbody UPLD upland an extensive interior region of high land with low to moderate surface relief VAL valley an elongated depression usually traversed by a stream VALG hanging valley a valley the floor of which is notably higher than the valley or shore to which it leads; most common in areas that have been glaciated VALS valleys elongated depressions usually traversed by a stream VALX section of valley VLC volcano a conical elevation composed of volcanic materials with a crater at the top U undersea APNU apron a gentle slope, with a generally smooth surface, particularly found around groups of islands and seamounts ARCU arch a low bulge around the southeastern end of the island of Hawaii ARRU arrugado an area of subdued corrugations off Baja California BDLU borderland a region adjacent to a continent, normally occupied by or bordering a shelf, that is highly irregular with depths well in excess of those typical of a shelf BKSU banks elevations, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation BNKU bank an elevation, typically located on a shelf, over which the depth of water is relatively shallow but sufficient for safe surface navigation BSNU basin a depression more or less equidimensional in plan and of variable extent CDAU cordillera an entire mountain system including the subordinate ranges, interior plateaus, and basins CNSU canyons relatively narrow, deep depressions with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope CNYU canyon a relatively narrow, deep depression with steep sides, the bottom of which generally has a continuous slope CRSU continental rise a gentle slope rising from oceanic depths towards the foot of a continental slope DEPU deep a localized deep area within the confines of a larger feature, such as a trough, basin or trench EDGU shelf edge a line along which there is a marked increase of slope at the outer margin of a continental shelf or island shelf ESCU escarpment (or scarp) an elongated and comparatively steep slope separating flat or gently sloping areas FANU fan a relatively smooth feature normally sloping away from the lower termination of a canyon or canyon system FLTU flat a small level or nearly level area FRZU fracture zone an extensive linear zone of irregular topography of the sea floor, characterized by steep-sided or asymmetrical ridges, troughs, or escarpments FURU furrow a closed, linear, narrow, shallow depression GAPU gap a narrow break in a ridge or rise GLYU gully a small valley-like feature HLLU hill an elevation rising generally less than 500 meters HLSU hills elevations rising generally less than 500 meters HOLU hole a small depression of the sea floor KNLU knoll an elevation rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit KNSU knolls elevations rising generally more than 500 meters and less than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summits LDGU ledge a rocky projection or outcrop, commonly linear and near shore LEVU levee an embankment bordering a canyon, valley, or seachannel MESU mesa an isolated, extensive, flat-topped elevation on the shelf, with relatively steep sides MNDU mound a low, isolated, rounded hill MOTU moat an annular depression that may not be continuous, located at the base of many seamounts, islands, and other isolated elevations MTU mountain a well-delineated subdivision of a large and complex positive feature PKSU peaks prominent elevations, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit PKU peak a prominent elevation, part of a larger feature, either pointed or of very limited extent across the summit PLNU plain a flat, gently sloping or nearly level region PLTU plateau a comparatively flat-topped feature of considerable extent, dropping off abruptly on one or more sides PNLU pinnacle a high tower or spire-shaped pillar of rock or coral, alone or cresting a summit PRVU province a region identifiable by a group of similar physiographic features whose characteristics are markedly in contrast with surrounding areas RDGU ridge a long narrow elevation with steep sides RDSU ridges long narrow elevations with steep sides RFSU reefs surface-navigation hazards composed of consolidated material RFU reef a surface-navigation hazard composed of consolidated material RISU rise a broad elevation that rises gently, and generally smoothly, from the sea floor SCNU seachannel a continuously sloping, elongated depression commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides SCSU seachannels continuously sloping, elongated depressions commonly found in fans or plains and customarily bordered by levees on one or two sides SDLU saddle a low part, resembling in shape a saddle, in a ridge or between contiguous seamounts SHFU shelf a zone adjacent to a continent (or around an island) that extends from the low water line to a depth at which there is usually a marked increase of slope towards oceanic depths SHLU shoal a surface-navigation hazard composed of unconsolidated material SHSU shoals hazards to surface navigation composed of unconsolidated material SHVU shelf valley a valley on the shelf, generally the shoreward extension of a canyon SILU sill the low part of a gap or saddle separating basins SLPU slope the slope seaward from the shelf edge to the beginning of a continental rise or the point where there is a general reduction in slope SMSU seamounts elevations rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit SMU seamount an elevation rising generally more than 1,000 meters and of limited extent across the summit SPRU spur a subordinate elevation, ridge, or rise projecting outward from a larger feature TERU terrace a relatively flat horizontal or gently inclined surface, sometimes long and narrow, which is bounded by a steeper ascending slope on one side and by a steep descending slope on the opposite side TMSU tablemounts (or guyots) seamounts having a comparatively smooth, flat top TMTU tablemount (or guyot) a seamount having a comparatively smooth, flat top TNGU tongue an elongate (tongue-like) extension of a flat sea floor into an adjacent higher feature TRGU trough a long depression of the sea floor characteristically flat bottomed and steep sided, and normally shallower than a trench TRNU trench a long, narrow, characteristically very deep and asymmetrical depression of the sea floor, with relatively steep sides VALU valley a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient VLSU valleys a relatively shallow, wide depression, the bottom of which usually has a continuous gradient V forest,heath,... BUSH bush(es) a small clump of conspicuous bushes in an otherwise bare area CULT cultivated area an area under cultivation FRST forest(s) an area dominated by tree vegetation FRSTF fossilized forest a forest fossilized by geologic processes and now exposed at the earth's surface GRSLD grassland an area dominated by grass vegetation GRVC coconut grove a planting of coconut trees GRVO olive grove a planting of olive trees GRVP palm grove a planting of palm trees GRVPN pine grove a planting of pine trees HTH heath an upland moor or sandy area dominated by low shrubby vegetation including heather MDW meadow a small, poorly drained area dominated by grassy vegetation OCH orchard(s) a planting of fruit or nut trees SCRB scrubland an area of low trees, bushes, and shrubs stunted by some environmental limitation TREE tree(s) a conspicuous tree used as a landmark TUND tundra a marshy, treeless, high latitude plain, dominated by mosses, lichens, and low shrub vegetation under permafrost conditions VIN vineyard a planting of grapevines VINS vineyards plantings of grapevines ll not available